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- Title
Co-option of a default secretory pathway for plant immune responses.
- Authors
Kwon, Chian; Neu, Christina; Pajonk, Simone; Hye Sup Yun; Lipka, Ulrike; Humphry, Matt; Bau, Stefan; Straus, Marco; Kwaaitaal, Mark; Rampelt, Heike; Kasmi, Farid El; Jürgens, Gerd; Parker, Jane; Panstruga, Ralph; Lipka, Volker; Schulze-Lefert, Paul
- Abstract
Cell-autonomous immunity is widespread in plant–fungus interactions and terminates fungal pathogenesis either at the cell surface or after pathogen entry. Although post-invasive resistance responses typically coincide with a self-contained cell death of plant cells undergoing attack by parasites, these cells survive pre-invasive defence. Mutational analysis in Arabidopsis identified PEN1 syntaxin as one component of two pre-invasive resistance pathways against ascomycete powdery mildew fungi. Here we show that plasma-membrane-resident PEN1 promiscuously forms SDS-resistant soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes together with the SNAP33 adaptor and a subset of vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs). PEN1-dependent disease resistance acts in vivo mainly through two functionally redundant VAMP72 subfamily members, VAMP721 and VAMP722. Unexpectedly, the same two VAMP proteins also operate redundantly in a default secretory pathway, suggesting dual functions in separate biological processes owing to evolutionary co-option of the default pathway for plant immunity. The disease resistance function of the secretory PEN1–SNAP33–VAMP721/722 complex and the pathogen-induced subcellular dynamics of its components are mechanistically reminiscent of immunological synapse formation in vertebrates, enabling execution of immune responses through focal secretion.
- Subjects
PLANT immunology; IMMUNE response; FUNGI; GENETIC mutation; NATURAL immunity; CELL membranes; INVASIVE plants; PATHOGENIC microorganisms; PROTEINS
- Publication
Nature, 2008, Vol 451, Issue 7180, p835
- ISSN
0028-0836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nature06545