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- Title
Cyclic dinucleotides bind the C-linker of HCN4 to control channel cAMP responsiveness.
- Authors
Lolicato, Marco; Bucchi, Annalisa; Arrigoni, Cristina; Zucca, Stefano; Nardini, Marco; Schroeder, Indra; Simmons, Katie; Aquila, Marco; DiFrancesco, Dario; Bolognesi, Martino; Schwede, Frank; Kashin, Dmitry; Fishwick, Colin W G; Johnson, A Peter; Thiel, Gerhard; Moroni, Anna
- Abstract
cAMP mediates autonomic regulation of heart rate by means of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which underlie the pacemaker current If. cAMP binding to the C-terminal cyclic nucleotide binding domain enhances HCN open probability through a conformational change that reaches the pore via the C-linker. Using structural and functional analysis, we identified a binding pocket in the C-linker of HCN4. Cyclic dinucleotides, an emerging class of second messengers in mammals, bind the C-linker pocket (CLP) and antagonize cAMP regulation of the channel. Accordingly, cyclic dinucleotides prevent cAMP regulation of If in sinoatrial node myocytes, reducing heart rate by 30%. Occupancy of the CLP hence constitutes an efficient mechanism to hinder β-adrenergic stimulation on If. Our results highlight the regulative role of the C-linker and identify a potential drug target in HCN4. Furthermore, these data extend the signaling scope of cyclic dinucleotides in mammals beyond their first reported role in innate immune system.
- Subjects
DINUCLEOTIDES; CYCLIC adenylic acid; HYPERPOLARIZATION (Cytology); SINOATRIAL node; MUSCLE cells; NATURAL immunity
- Publication
Nature Chemical Biology, 2014, Vol 10, Issue 6, p457
- ISSN
1552-4450
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nchembio.1521