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- Title
Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: The Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity.
- Authors
Minciullo, Paola; Catalano, Antonino; Mandraffino, Giuseppe; Casciaro, Marco; Crucitti, Andrea; Maltese, Giuseppe; Morabito, Nunziata; Lasco, Antonino; Gangemi, Sebastiano; Basile, Giorgio
- Abstract
Longevity and aging are two sides of the same coin, as they both derive from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Aging is a complex, dynamic biological process characterized by continuous remodeling. One of the most recent theories on aging focuses on immune response, and takes into consideration the activation of subclinical, chronic low-grade inflammation which occurs with aging, named 'inflammaging'. Long-lived people, especially centenarians, seem to cope with chronic subclinical inflammation through an anti-inflammatory response, called therefore 'anti-inflammaging'. In the present review, we have focused our attention on the contrast between inflammaging and anti-inflammaging systems, by evaluating the role of cytokines and their impact on extreme longevity. Cytokines are the expression of a network involving genes, polymorphisms and environment, and are involved both in inflammation and anti-inflammation. We have described the role of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ as pro-inflammatory cytokines, of IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1 as anti-inflammatory cytokines, and of lipoxin A4 and heat shock proteins as mediators of cytokines. We believe that if inflammaging is a key to understand aging, anti-inflammaging may be one of the secrets of longevity.
- Publication
Archivum Immunologiae & Therapiae Experimentalis, 2016, Vol 64, Issue 2, p111
- ISSN
0004-069X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00005-015-0377-3