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- Title
Role of Cytomorphology in the Era of Liquid Biopsy.
- Authors
Clery, Eduardo; Pisapia, Pasquale; Vigliar, Elena; Malapelle, Umberto; Bellevicine, Claudio; Troncone, Giancarlo; Schmitt, Fernando C.
- Abstract
In the late stages of non-small cell lung cancer, the detection of sensitizing mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is mandatory to select patients' treatment with first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In patients showing progressive disease, the assessment of the EGFR exon 20 resistance point mutation p.T790M is required for third-generation TKI administration. However, molecular analysis does not capture all the different mechanisms of resistance against these molecules. A variety of morphological changes associated with acquired resistance have also been described. Since an altered morphology may be the only clue to acquired resistance, cytopathology still plays a relevant role in this setting. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the relevance of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma transitions from adenocarcinoma resistant to TKIs.
- Subjects
LUNG cancer diagnosis; LUNG cancer &; genetics; ADENOCARCINOMA; BODY fluid examination; CYTODIAGNOSIS; DRUG resistance in cancer cells; EPIDERMAL growth factor; GENETIC mutation; NEUROENDOCRINE tumors; SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma; TUMOR classification; PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
Acta Cytologica, 2019, Vol 63, Issue 6, p497
- ISSN
0001-5547
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000499338