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- Title
Impact of dietary macronutrient distribution on BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review.
- Authors
Gow, Megan L; Ho, Mandy; Burrows, Tracy L; Baur, Louise A; Stewart, Laura; Hutchesson, Melinda J; Cowell, Chris T; Collins, Clare E; Garnett, Sarah P
- Abstract
The present systematic review examined the effectiveness of weight management interventions comparing diets with varying macronutrient distributions on BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents. A systematic search of seven databases for the period 1975−2013 identified 14 eligible randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials conducted with 6-18-year-old subjects. Seven trials compared a low-fat ( ≤33% energy or <40 g/day) to an isocaloric ( n = 2) or ad libitum ( n = 5) low-carbohydrate diet ( <20% energy or <60 g/day). Meta-analysis indicated a greater reduction in BMI in the low-carbohydrate group immediately after dietary intervention; however, the quality of the studies was limited and cardiometabolic benefits were inconsistent. Six trials compared increased-protein diets (19-30% energy) to isocaloric standard-protein diets (15-20% energy) and one compared an increased-fat diet (40% energy) to an isocaloric standard-fat diet (27% energy); there were no differences in outcomes in these studies. Current evidence suggests that improved weight status can be achieved in overweight or obese children and adolescents irrespective of the macronutrient distribution of a reduced-energy diet. Tailoring the macronutrient content to target specific cardiometabolic risk factors, such as a low-carbohydrate diet to treat insulin resistance, may be possible, but further research is needed before specific recommendations can be made.
- Subjects
REDUCING diets; METABOLIC syndrome risk factors; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; REGULATION of body weight; BLOOD pressure; BLOOD sugar; BODY composition; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; CHILDREN'S health; CHILD nutrition; CHOLESTEROL; CINAHL database; CONFIDENCE intervals; EXPERIMENTAL design; HIGH-protein diet; MEDICAL databases; INFORMATION storage &; retrieval systems; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; INGESTION; INSULIN; LOW-carbohydrate diet; LOW-fat diet; MEDLINE; META-analysis; NUTRITIONAL requirements; CHILDHOOD obesity; HEALTH outcome assessment; RESEARCH evaluation; ADOLESCENT health; ADOLESCENT nutrition; SYSTEMATIC reviews; EVIDENCE-based medicine; PROFESSIONAL practice; BODY mass index; TREATMENT effectiveness; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; EVALUATION; CHILDREN
- Publication
Nutrition Reviews, 2014, Vol 72, Issue 7, p453
- ISSN
0029-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/nure.12111