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- Title
The Impact of Vitamin D on Dendritic Cell Function in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
- Authors
Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Aranow, Cynthia; Mackay, Meggan; Stanevsky, Anfisa; Kamen, Diane L.; Marinescu, L. Manuela; Collins, Christopher E.; Gilkeson, Gary S.; Diamond, Betty; Hardin, John A.
- Abstract
Background: Excessive activity of dendritic cells (DCs) is postulated as a central disease mechanism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Vitamin D is known to reduce responsiveness of healthy donor DCs to the stimulatory effects of Type I IFN. As vitamin D deficiency is reportedly common in SLE, we hypothesized that vitamin D might play a regulatory role in the IFNa amplification loop in SLE. Our goals were to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and disease activity in SLE patients and to investigate the effects of vitamin D on DC activation and expression of IFNa-regulated genes in vitro. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, 25-OH vitamin D (25-D) levels were measured in 198 consecutively recruited SLE patients. Respectively, 29.3% and 11.8% of African American and Hispanic SLE patient had 25-D levels ,10 ng/ml. The degree of vitamin D deficiency correlated inversely with disease activity; R =2.234, p = .002. In 19 SLE patients stratified by 25-D levels, there were no differences between circulating DC number and phenotype. Monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) of SLE patients were normally responsive to the regulatory effects of vitamin D in vitro as evidenced by decreased activation in response to LPS stimulation in the presence of 1,25-D. Additionally, vitamin D conditioning reduced expression of IFNaregulated genes by healthy donor and SLE MDDCs in response to factors in activating SLE plasma. Conclusions/Significance: We report on severe 25-D deficiency in a substantial percentage of SLE patients tested and demonstrate an inverse correlation with disease activity. Our results suggest that vitamin D supplementation will contribute to restoring immune homeostasis in SLE patients through its inhibitory effects on DC maturation and activation. We are encouraged to support the importance of adequate vitamin D supplementation and the need for a clinical trial to assess whether vitamin D supplementation affects IFNa activity in vivo and, most importantly, improves clinical outcome.
- Subjects
DENDRITIC cells; SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus; AUTOIMMUNE diseases; VITAMIN D; HOMEOSTASIS; BODY fluids; ANTIGEN presenting cells; MONOCYTES; LEUCOCYTES
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2010, Vol 5, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0009193