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- Title
Twin-plate Ice Nucleation Assay (TINA) with infrared detection for high-throughput droplet freezing experiments with biological ice nuclei in laboratory and field samples.
- Authors
Kunert, Anna Theresa; Lamneck, Mark; Helleis, Frank; Pöschl, Ulrich; Pöhlker, Mira L.; Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Janine
- Abstract
For efficient analysis and characterization of biological ice nuclei under immersion freezingconditions, we developed a Twin-plate Ice Nucleation Assay (TINA) for high-throughputdroplet freezing experiments, in which the temperature profile and freezing of each droplet istracked by an infrared detector. In the fully automated setup, a couple of independentlycooled aluminum blocks carrying two 96-well plates and two 384-well plates, respectively,are available to study ice nucleation and freezing events simultaneously in hundreds ofmicroliter range droplets (0.1-40 μL). A cooling system with two refrigerant circulation loopsis used for high-precision temperature control (uncertainty < 0.2 K), enabling measurementsover a wide range of temperatures (∼272-233 K) at variable cooling rates (up to 10 Kmin−1). The TINA instrument was tested and characterized in experiments with bacterial andfungal ice nuclei (IN) from Pseudomonas syringae (Snomax®) and Mortierella alpina,exhibiting freezing curves in good agreement with literature data. Moreover, TINA wasapplied to investigate the influence of chemical processing on the activity of biologicalIN, in particular the effects of oxidation and nitration reactions. Upon exposureof Snomax® to O3 and NO2, the cumulative number of IN active at 270-266 Kdecreased by more than one order of magnitude. Furthermore, TINA was used to studyaqueous extracts of atmospheric aerosols, simultaneously investigating a multitude ofsamples that were pre-treated in different ways to distinguish different kinds of IN.For example, heat treatment and filtration indicated that most biological IN werelarger than 5 μm. The results confirm that TINA is suitable for high-throughputexperiments and efficient analysis of biological IN in laboratory and field samples.
- Subjects
ICE nuclei; NUCLEATION; CHEMICAL processes; ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; INFRARED detectors; FREEZE-thaw cycles; MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols
- Publication
Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2019, Vol 21, p1
- ISSN
1029-7006
- Publication type
Article