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- Title
Relationship between factors contributing toward feelings of child-rearing difficulty experienced by older primiparas at one month postpartum.
- Authors
Miki WATANABE; Hatsumi NATORI; Yoshie HIRATA; Yuka WATANABE
- Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between factors contributing toward feelings of childrearing difficulty experienced by older primiparas at one month postpartum. Research Subjects and Method The research subjects were older Japanese primiparas who visited a hospital for health examinations one month after giving birth at one of seven hospitals and six maternity clinics located in A prefecture. A self-administered questionnaires were used that required the subjects to enter their personal attributes as well as their responses to the following rating scales: Parenting Resilience Scale, Child Care Stress Scale short form, Postpartum Maternal Confidence Scale, Postpartum Maternal Satisfaction Scale, "feelings about child-rearing" in the Japan Child and Family Research Institute ( JCFRI) Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire, self-diagnosis checklist of accumulated exhaustion level, and sense of having a sufficient night's sleep. Fundamental statistics of the attributes and scales were calculated, and feelings of child-rearing difficulty were compared by occupation and support. An analysis of covariance structure regarding the relationship between variables was also conducted. Results The 252 valid responses (response rate 85.7%) received from 294 older primiparas were analyzed. The mean age of the surveyed mothers was 37.8 (±2.4) with the maximum age being 46. The average score of feelings of childrearing difficulty was 18.1 (±4.6) of which the higher points were scored by those with occupations (p=.009). No differences were identified due to presence of support. The factors directly contributing toward feelings of childrearing difficulty of older primiparas were maternal confidence (--0.54), and child-rearing stress (0.36). Increase in parenting resilience reduced feelings of child-rearing difficulty as a result of reduced accumulated exhaustion (--0.33) and child-rearing stress (--0.41), and improved postpartum maternal satisfaction (0.31) and maternal confidence (0.30). Furthermore, an increase in parenting resilience also had an influence on the sense of having a sufficient night's sleep (0.31) and accumulated exhaustion level. Conclusion Postpartum maternal confidence and child-rearing stress had a direct influence on feelings of child-rearing difficulty experienced by older primiparas. Parenting resilience did not have a direct influence on feelings of child-rearing difficulty, however, it did reduce feelings of child-rearing difficulty via positive feelings about physical state, including accumulated exhaustion level, and psychosocial states including a sense of having a sufficient night's sleep, childrearing stress, postpartum maternal satisfaction, and maternal confidence. In conclusion, Parenting resilience is an important factor that influences feelings of child-rearing difficulty via all factors.
- Subjects
JAPAN; MOTHERS; PRIMIPARAS; CHILD rearing; CONFIDENCE; SATISFACTION; SLEEP disorders; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; PUERPERIUM; QUESTIONNAIRES; ANALYSIS of covariance; EMOTIONS
- Publication
Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery, 2022, Vol 36, Issue 1, p29
- ISSN
0917-6357
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3418/jjam.JJAM-2021-0010