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- Title
Alcohol Increases Exosome Release from Microglia to Promote Complement Clq-Induced Cellular Death of Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in the Hypothalamus in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.
- Authors
Mukherjee, Sayani; Cabrera, Miguel A.; Boyadjieva, Nadka I.; Berger, Gregory; Rousseau, Benedicte; Sarkar, Dipak K.
- Abstract
Microglia, a type of CNS immune cell, have been shown to contribute to ethanol-activated neuronal death of the stress regulatory proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-producing β-endorphin peptides in the hypothalamus in a postnatal rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. We determined whether the microglial extracellular vesicle exosome is involved in the ethanol-induced neuronal death of the β-endorphin neuron. Extracellular vesicles were prepared from hypothalamic tissues collected from postnatal rats (both males and females) fed daily with 2.5 mg/kg ethanol or control milk formula for 5 d or from hypothalamic microglia cells obtained from postnatal rats, grown in cultures for several days, and then challenged with ethanol or vehicle for 24 h. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicated that these vesicles had the size range and shape of exosomes. Ethanol treatments increased the number and the β-endorphin neuronal killing activity of microglial exosomes both in vivo and in vitro. Proteomics analyses of exosomes of cultured microglial cells identified a large number of proteins, including various complements, which were elevated following ethanol treatment. Proteomics data involving complements were reconfirmed using quantitative protein assays. Ethanol treatments also increased deposition of the complement protein Clq in β-endorphin neuronal cells in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Recombinant Clq protein increased while Clq blockers reduced ethanol-induced C3a/b, C4, and membrane attack complex/C5b9 formations; ROS production; and ultimately cellular death of β-endorphin neurons. These data suggest that the complement system involving Clq-C3-C4-membrane attack complex and ROS regulates exosome-mediated, ethanol-induced β-endorphin neuronal death.
- Subjects
FETAL alcohol syndrome; COMPLEMENT receptors; FRACTALKINE; EXTRACELLULAR vesicles; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NEURONS; HYPOTHALAMUS
- Publication
Journal of Neuroscience, 2020, Vol 40, Issue 41, p7965
- ISSN
0270-6474
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1523/jneurosci.0284-20.2020