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- Title
Comparison of cytotoxicities and anti-allergic effects of topical ocular dual-action anti-allergic agents.
- Authors
Kim, Sung Il; Park, Choul Yong; Fordjuor, Gladys; Lee, Jong Heon; Lee, Jong Soo; Lee, Ji Eun
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>To investigate the cytotoxicities of the topical ocular dual-action anti-allergic agents (alcaftadine 0.25%, bepotastine besilate 1.5%, and olopatadine HCL 0.1%) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and their anti-allergic effects on cultured conjunctival epithelial cells.<bold>Methods: </bold>A Methylthiazolyltetrazolium(MTT)-based calorimetric assay was used to assess cytotoxicities using HCECs at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30% for exposure durations of 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 12 h or 24 h. Cellular morphologies were evaluated by inverted phase-contrast and electron microscopy. Wound widths were measured 2 h, 18 h, or 24 h after confluent HCECs monolayers were scratched. Realtime PCR was used to quantify anti-allergic effects on cultured human conjunctival cells, in which allergic reactions were induced by treating them with Aspergillus antigen.<bold>Results: </bold>Cell viabilities decreased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Cells were detached from dishes and showed microvilli loss, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and nuclear condensation when exposed to antiallergic agents; alcaftadine was found to be least cytotoxic. Alcaftadine treated HCECs monolayers showed the best wound healing followed by bepotastine and olopatadine (p < 0.0001). All agents significantly reduced the gene expressions of allergic cytokines (IL-5, IL-25, eotaxin, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) and alcaftadine had the greatest effect (p < 0.0001 in all cases).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Alcaftadine seems to have less side effects and better therapeutic effects than the other two anti-allergic agents tested. It may be more beneficial to use less toxic agents for patients with ocular surface risk factors or presumed symptoms of toxicity.
- Subjects
ANTIALLERGIC agents; THYMIC stromal lymphopoietin; PHASE-contrast microscopy; TREATMENT effectiveness; EPITHELIAL cells; ALLERGIC conjunctivitis; CELL survival
- Publication
BMC Ophthalmology, 2019, Vol 19, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2415
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12886-019-1228-5