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- Title
Change in Diabetic Retinopathy Through 2 Years: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab.
- Authors
Bressler, Susan B.; Liu, Danni; Glassman, Adam R.; Blodi, Barbara A.; Castellarin, Alessandro A.; Jampol, Lee M.; Kaufman, Paul L.; Melia, Michele; Singh, Harinderjit; Wells, John A.; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network
- Abstract
<bold>Importance: </bold>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) favorably affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) improvement and worsening. It is unknown whether these effects differ across anti-VEGF agents.<bold>Objective: </bold>To compare changes in DR severity during aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab treatment for DME.<bold>Design, Setting, and Participants: </bold>Preplanned secondary analysis of data from a comparative effectiveness trial for center-involved DME was conducted in 650 participants receiving aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab. Retinopathy improvement and worsening were determined during 2 years of treatment. Participants were randomized in 2012 through 2013, and the trial concluded on September 23, 2015.<bold>Interventions: </bold>Random assignment to aflibercept, 2.0 mg; bevacizumab, 1.25 mg; ranibizumab, 0.3 mg, up to every 4 weeks through 2 years following a retreatment protocol.<bold>Main Outcomes and Measures: </bold>Percentages with retinopathy improvement at 1 and 2 years and cumulative probabilities for retinopathy worsening through 2-year without adjustment for multiple outcomes.<bold>Results: </bold>A total of 650 participants (495 [76.2%] nonproliferative DR [NPDR], 155 proliferative DR [PDR]) were analyzed; 302 (46.5%) were women and mean (SD) age was 61 (10) years; 425 (65.4%) were white. At 1 year, among 423 NPDR eyes, 44 of 141 (31.2%) treated with aflibercept, 29 of 131 (22.1%) with bevacizumab, and 57 of 151 (37.7%) with ranibizumab had improvement of DR severity (adjusted difference: 11.7%; 95% CI, 2.9% to 20.6%; P = .004 for aflibercept vs bevacizumab; 8.9%; 95% CI, 1.7% to 16.1%; P = .01 for ranibizumab vs bevacizumab; and 2.9%; 95% CI, -5.7% to 11.4%; P = .51 for aflibercept vs ranibizumab). At 2 years, 33 eyes (24.8%) in the aflibercept group, 25 eyes (22.1%) in the bevacizumab group, and 40 eyes (31.0%) in the ranibizumab group had DR improvement; no treatment group differences were identified. For 93 eyes with PDR at baseline, 1-year improvement rates were 75.9% for aflibercept, 31.4% for bevacizumab, and 55.2% for ranibizumab (adjusted difference: 50.4%; 95% CI, 26.8% to 74.0%; P < .001 for aflibercept vs bevacizumab; 20.4%; 95% CI, -3.1% to 44.0%; P = .09 for ranibizumab vs bevacizumab; and 30.0%; 95% CI, 4.4% to 55.6%; P = .02 for aflibercept vs ranibizumab). These rates and treatment group differences appeared to be maintained at 2 years. Despite the reduced numbers of injections in the second year, 66 (59.5%) of NPDR and 28 (70.0%) of PDR eyes that manifested improvement at 1 year maintained improvement at 2 years. Two-year cumulative rates for retinopathy worsening ranged from 7.1% to 10.2% and 17.2% to 26.4% among anti-VEGF groups for NPDR and PDR eyes, respectively. No statistically significant treatment differences were noted.<bold>Conclusions and Relevance: </bold>At 1 and 2 years, eyes with NPDR receiving anti-VEGF treatment for DME may experience improvement in DR severity. Less improvement was demonstrated with bevacizumab at 1 year than with aflibercept or ranibizumab. Aflibercept was associated with more improvement at 1 and 2 years in the smaller subgroup of participants with PDR at baseline. All 3 anti-VEGF treatments were associated with low rates of DR worsening. These data provide additional outcomes that might be considered when choosing an anti-VEGF agent to treat DME.
- Subjects
VASCULAR endothelial growth factor antagonists; CELL receptors; COMPARATIVE studies; DIABETIC retinopathy; DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology; INJECTIONS; LONGITUDINAL method; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; NEOVASCULARIZATION inhibitors; RECOMBINANT proteins; RESEARCH; RETINA; TIME; VISUAL acuity; EVALUATION research; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; TREATMENT effectiveness; RETROSPECTIVE studies; SEVERITY of illness index; DISEASE progression; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
JAMA Ophthalmology, 2017, Vol 135, Issue 6, p558
- ISSN
2168-6165
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.0821