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- Title
Characteristics of atmospheric ammonia over Beijing, China.
- Authors
Z. Y. Meng; W. L. Lin; X. M. Jiang; P. Yan; Y. Wang; Y. M. Zhang; X. L. Yu; X. F. Jia
- Abstract
Continuous measurements of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) were conducted using Ogawa passive samplers from February 2008 to July 2010 at an urban site and from January 2007 to July 2010 at a rural site in Beijing, China. Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. in fine particles was also collected at rural site during 2008--2009. The field comparison between the Ogawa passive samplers and an active analyzer for NH3 conducted at an urban site assures the quality and accuracy of the measurements. The concentrations of NH3 at urban site ranged from 0.7 to 85.1 ppb, with the annual average of 18.5±13.8 and 23.5±18.0 ppb in 2008 and 2009. The NH3 concentrations at rural site were lower than those at urban site, and varied from 0.8 to 42.9 ppb, with the annual average of 4.5±4.6, 6.6±7.0 and 7.1±3.5 ppb in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The data showed marked seasonal variations at both sites. The results emphasized traffic to be a significant source of NH3 concentrations in winter in urban areas of Beijing. This was illustrated by the correlations of NH3 with the traffic related pollutants (NOx and CO) and also by the bimodal diurnal cycle of NH3 concentrations that was synchronized with traffic. These patterns were not observed during the summer, suggesting other sources became more imporant. At rural site, the daily Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 36.53 µg/m³, with an average of 6.94 µg/m³ from June 2008 to December 2009. Monthly NH3 were significantly correlated with Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. concentrations. Average monthly NH 3/NH Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. ratios varied from 0.13 to 2.28, with an average of 0.73.
- Subjects
BEIJING (China); CHINA; ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; AMMONIA; PASSIVE components; PRECIPITATION variability; POLLUTANTS
- Publication
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2011, Vol 11, Issue 1, p3041
- ISSN
1680-7367
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5194/acpd-11-3041-2011