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- Title
Effect of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on inflammatory cytokine levels in infants at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
- Authors
Chase, H Peter; Boulware, David; Rodriguez, Henry; Donaldson, David; Chritton, Sonia; Rafkin‐Mervis, Lisa; Krischer, Jeffrey; Skyler, Jay S; Clare‐Salzler, Michael
- Abstract
Objective Type 1 diabetes ( T1D) results from the inflammatory destruction of pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) supplementation on stimulated inflammatory cytokine production in white blood cells ( WBC) from infants with a high genetic risk for T1D. Research design and methods This was a multicenter, two-arm, randomized, double-blind pilot trial of DHA supplementation, beginning either in the last trimester of pregnancy (41 infants) or in the first 5 months after birth (57 infants). Levels of DHA in infant and maternal red blood cell ( RBC) membranes and in breast milk were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Inflammatory cytokines were assayed from whole blood culture supernatants using the Luminex multiplex assay after stimulation with high dose lipopolysaccharide ( LPS), 1 µg/ mL. Results The levels of RBC DHA were increased by 61-100% in treated compared to control infants at ages 6-36 months. There were no statistically significant reductions in production of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-12p40 at any of the six timepoints measured. The inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP), was significantly lower in breast-fed DHA-treated infants compared to all formula-fed infants at the age of 12 months. Three infants (two received DHA) were removed from the study as a result of developing ≥two persistently positive biochemical islet autoantibodies. Conclusions This pilot trial showed that supplementation of infant diets with DHA is safe and fulfilled the pre-study goal of increasing infant RBC DHA levels by at least 20%. Inflammatory cytokine production was not consistently reduced.
- Subjects
UNITED States; FISH oils; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid; ACADEMIC medical centers; ANALYSIS of covariance; C-reactive protein; CONFIDENCE intervals; STATISTICAL correlation; CYTOKINES; GAS chromatography; MASS spectrometry; TYPE 1 diabetes; MEDICAL cooperation; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH; RESEARCH funding; T-test (Statistics); RANDOMIZED controlled trials; BLIND experiment; GENE expression profiling; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; CHILDREN; FETUS; THERAPEUTICS; DIABETES risk factors
- Publication
Pediatric Diabetes, 2015, Vol 16, Issue 4, p271
- ISSN
1399-543X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/pedi.12170