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- Title
Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following HIV-1 immunization in seronegative volunteers.
- Authors
Evans; Fitzgerald; Gibbons; Keefer; Soucier; Evans MD, Thomas G.
- Abstract
The Th1/Th2 profile that follows human vaccination may profoundly influence the subsequent course of disease after infection. However, the ability to detect IL-4 has been limited outside trials of live vaccination. By using methods in which memory effector cells are allowed to antigenically expand by short term culture, followed by low-dose mitogenic stimulation, we have been able to follow the Th1/Th2 profile in HIV-1-volunteers enrolled in two phase I studies of HIV immunogens (a recombinant gp120 and a multivalent, octomeric V3 loop peptide). Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) could be detected in primary stimulation, but IL-4 was observed only after antigenic expansion and restimulation. In both of these studies the responses after initial immunizations were dominated by IFN-γ, with IL-4 appearing only after multiple rounds of immunization, and IL-4 was temporally related to antibody production. Concomitant with the IL-4 production, the amount of supernatant IFN-γ declined. Antigen-specific IL-10 was not detected in either study. Such techniques, which have been shown to correlate with outcomes in immunotherapy, may prove useful as future surrogates of human vaccine response.
- Subjects
CYTOKINES; INTERFERONS; ANTIGENS; HIV infections; HIV antibodies; IMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 1998, Vol 111, Issue 2, p243
- ISSN
0009-9104
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00486.x