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- Title
Non-allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
- Authors
Hellings, P. W.; Klimek, L.; Cingi, C.; Agache, I.; Akdis, C.; Bachert, C.; Bousquet, J.; Demoly, P.; Gevaert, P.; Hox, V.; Hupin, C.; Kalogjera, L.; Manole, F.; Mösges, R.; Mullol, J.; Muluk, N. B.; Muraro, A.; Papadopoulos, N.; Pawankar, R.; Rondon, C.
- Abstract
This EAACI position paper aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview on nonallergic rhinitis ( NAR). A significant number of patients suffering from persistent rhinitis are defined as nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis ( NANIR) patients, often denominated in short as having NAR. NAR is defined as a symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa with the presence of a minimum of two nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and/or itchy nose, without clinical evidence of endonasal infection and without systemic signs of sensitization to inhalant allergens. Symptoms of NAR may have a wide range of severity and be either continuously present and/or induced by exposure to unspecific triggers, also called nasal hyperresponsiveness ( NHR). NHR represents a clinical feature of both AR and NAR patients. NAR involves different subgroups: drug-induced rhinitis, (nonallergic) occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis (including pregnancy rhinitis), gustatory rhinitis, senile rhinitis, and idiopathic rhinitis ( IR). NAR should be distinguished from those rhinitis patients with an allergic reaction confined to the nasal mucosa, also called 'entopy' or local allergic rhinitis ( LAR). We here provide an overview of the current consensus on phenotypes of NAR, recommendations for diagnosis, a treatment algorithm, and defining the unmet needs in this neglected area of research.
- Subjects
RHINITIS; RHINITIS treatment; INFLAMMATION; NASAL mucosa; RHINORRHEA; PHENOTYPES; PATIENTS
- Publication
Allergy, 2017, Vol 72, Issue 11, p1657
- ISSN
0105-4538
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/all.13200