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- Title
Usefulness of D-Dimer and Ultrasonography Screening for Detecting Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Undergoing Rehabilitation.
- Authors
Mackiewicz-Milewska, Magdalena; Cisowska-Adamiak, Małgorzata; Pyskir, Jerzy; Świątkiewicz, Iwona; Heller, Raban
- Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This study aims at assessing usefulness of D-dimer and compressive Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) for detecting DVT in patients undergoing rehabilitation at various time-points post-SCI. One-hundred forty-five patients were divided into three groups based on time elapsed since SCI: I (≥3 weeks to 3 months), II (≥3 to 6 months), and III (≥6 months). On admission, D-dimer plasma level measurement and CDUS of the lower limbs venous system were performed. DVT was diagnosed using CDUS in 15 patients (10.3% of entire group), more frequently in group I (22.2% of group) and II (11.7%) compared to group III (1.5%). Most DVT patients received thromboprophylaxis (80%) and were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (60%). Median D-dimer was elevated in patients with DVT from all groups, and also patients without DVT from groups I and II, but not group III. D-dimers were higher in patients with DVT than without DVT in the entire group (p = 0.001) and group I (p = 0.02), but not in groups II and III. The risk of DVT in SCI patients undergoing rehabilitation and thromboprophylaxis including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases, is high within 6 months post-injury, and especially within 3 months. Measurement of D-dimer level should be complemented by routine CDUS for detecting DVT within 6 months post-SCI. Over 6 months, the usefulness of D-dimer screening alone is better for DVT detection.
- Subjects
VENOUS thrombosis; FIBRIN fragment D; DOPPLER ultrasonography; ULTRASONIC imaging; SPINAL cord injuries; REHABILITATION; COLOR Doppler ultrasonography; ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 4, p689
- ISSN
2077-0383
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jcm10040689