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- Title
The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States in the Era of Vaccination.
- Authors
Wasley, Annemarie; Kruszon-Moran, Deanna; Kuhnert, Wendi; Simard, Edgar P.; Finelli, Lyn; McQuillan, Geraldine; Bell, Beth
- Abstract
Background. Our objective was to assess trends in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States after widespread hepatitis B vaccination. Methods. The prevalence of HBV infection and immunity was determined in a representative sample of the US population for the periods 1999-2006 and 1988-1994. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys participants ⩾6 years of age were tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Prevalence estimates were weighted and age-adjusted. Results. During the period 1999-2006, age-adjusted prevalences of anti-HBc (4.7%) and HBsAg (0.27%) were not statistically different from what they were during 1988-1994 (5.4% and 0.38%, respectively). The prevalence of anti-HBc decreased among persons 6-19 years of age (from 1.9% to 0.6%; P < .01) and 20-49 years of age (from 5.9% to 4.6%; P < .05) but not among persons ⩾50 years of age (7.2% vs 7.7%). During 1999-2006, the prevalence of anti-HBc was higher among non-Hispanic blacks (12.2%) and persons of "Other" race (13.3%) than it was among non-Hispanic whites (2.8%) or Mexican Americans (2.9%), and it was higher among foreign-born participants (12.2%) than it was among US-born participants (3.5%). Prevalence among US-born children 6-19 years of age (0.5%) did not differ by race or ethnicity. Disparities between US-born and foreign-born children were smaller during 1999-1996 (0.5% vs 2.0%) than during 1988-1994 (1.0% vs 12.8%). Among children 6-19 years of age, 56.7% had markers of vaccine-induced immunity. Conclusions. HBV prevalence decreased among US children, which reflected the impact of global and domestic vaccination, but it changed little among adults, and ∼730,000 US residents (95% confidence interval, 550,000-940,000) are chronically infected.
- Subjects
UNITED States; HEPATITIS B virus; HEPATITIS B vaccines; DISEASE prevalence; CELL surface antigens; HEALTH surveys; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; BLOODBORNE infections; SEXUALLY transmitted diseases
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010, Vol 202, Issue 2, p192
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1086/653622