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- Title
Overcoming Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibitors with Combination Strategies in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
- Authors
Reyes, Amanda; Muddasani, Ramya; Massarelli, Erminia
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Treatment options for lung cancer have greatly expanded in the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients without driver mutations have become the standard of care in widespread disease and, more recently, localized disease. However, resistance can develop, and new treatments are needed. We discussed current combination treatments with radiation and chemotherapy, as well as newer agents. Lung cancer continues to contribute to the highest percentage of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advancements in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer like immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved survival and long-term disease response, even in curative and perioperative settings. Unfortunately, resistance develops either as an initial response to treatment or more commonly as a progression after the initial response. Several modalities have been utilized to combat this. This review will focus on the various combination treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors including the addition of chemotherapy, various immunotherapies, radiation, antibody–drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, neoantigen vaccines, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We discuss the status of these agents when used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors with an emphasis on lung cancer. The early toxicity signals, tolerability, and feasibility of implementation are also reviewed. We conclude with a discussion of the next steps in treatment.
- Subjects
DRUG toxicity; DRUG resistance in cancer cells; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1; LYMPHOCYTES; CANCER vaccines; IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors; CANCER chemotherapy; COMBINED modality therapy; LUNG tumors; LUNG cancer; DRUG tolerance; DISEASE complications; CHEMICAL inhibitors
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 16, p2919
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16162919