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- Title
Effect of Advanced Footwear Technology Spikes on Sprint Acceleration: A Multiple N-of-1 Trial.
- Authors
Bernuz, Benjamin; Laujac, Steven; Sirial, Cedric; Auffret, Stephane; Preda, Cristian; Slawinski, Jean; Millot, Benjamin; Pradon, Didier; Coudrat, Laure; Gavarry, Olivier
- Abstract
Background: In contrast with Advanced Footwear Technology-AFT running shoes for long-distance, little is known about AFT sprint spikes on performance and acceleration parameters. However, their use has become widespread since the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, and knowledge of their effects would seem to be an essential starting point before any clinical or socio-economic considerations. Objectives: Our objectives were to determine intra- and inter-subject sprinting performance modifications with Nike® AFT spikes (NAS) compared to standard spiked-shoes (SS). Methods: Healthy regional to national sprint athletes (n = 21, ≥ 750 pts World Athletics) performed 16 repetitions of 30-m sprints with either the NAS or SS condition during a single session, based on the multiple N-of-1 method, with pairwise randomisation and double-blind procedure. Time on 30-m sprints (Stalker radar), force-velocity profile (F0, V0, Vmax, Pmax, RF, DRF and FVP slope), and confounding factors (wind and shoe mass) were measured. Statistical analyses included a mixed linear regression model for group analyses, and randomisation test inversion and non-overlap-of-all-pair (NAP) methods for intra-individual analysis. Results: NAS improved 30-m time by a mean of − 0.02 s (SMD = 0.4, p = 0.014), with no interaction with any confounding factors. Significant changes were seen in velocity (Vmax : SMD = 0.9, p < 0.001; V0: SMD = 0.7, p < 0.001) and the horizontal ratio of force (RFmax: SMD = 0.5, p = 0.043), with no changes observed in force production. Whatever the footwear, one unit of positive wind (+ 1 m.s− 1) improved performance by − 0.03 s (p < 0.001). At an individual level, four athletes improved (NAP ≥ 0.69), and one had a statistical decrease in performance. Changes in F-V profiles were largely individual. Conclusions: A positive effect on sprint acceleration characteristics was observed when using Nike® AFT spikes, due to an increase in velocity and the horizontal ratio of force. A major variability in inter-individual response justifies single-case experimental designs for research on the topic. Trial Registration Number: NCT05881148. Key Points: •Compared to AFT long-distance running shoes, little is known about trademarked AFT spikes on performance and acceleration parameters. •The use of Nike® AFT spikes in regional-to-national sprinters resulted in a slight improvement (less than that of a + 1 m.s− 1 wind) in short sprint performance, with a large effect on maximal velocity which could raise the question of muscle strain injuries. •Trials addressing the question of AFT spikes' effect on max velocity endurance should be designed. The significant rate of non-responders highlights the importance of single-case experimental studies.
- Subjects
TASK performance; ACCELERATION (Mechanics); PRODUCT design; TECHNOLOGY; DATA analysis software; CONFIDENCE intervals; HEALTH outcome assessment; ATHLETIC shoes; SPRINTING; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of acceleration; REGRESSION analysis; TIME
- Publication
Sports Medicine - Open, 2024, Vol 10, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2199-1170
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s40798-024-00758-w