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- Title
User Walking Speed and Standing Posture Influence Head/Neck Flexion and Viewing Behavior While Using a Smartphone.
- Authors
Chen, Yi-Lang; Nguyen, Hong-Tam
- Abstract
The habit of using smartphones while walking has become widespread among modern individuals, particularly when pedestrians are in a hurry. However, there has been little exploration into the differences between standing and walking at various speeds in terms of smartphone use. In this study, we examined 60 young participants (30 men and 30 women) who engaged in smartphone tasks such as one-handed browsing or two-handed texting while standing, walking slowly, and walking normally. The measured variables included neck flexion (NF), head flexion (HF), gaze angle (GA), and viewing distance (VD). The study findings indicate that using smartphones while walking may cause a more pronounced kyphotic curve in the cervical spine compared to when standing, leading to increased strain in the neck region. The heightened neck load can be attributed to the concurrent dynamic nature of both walking and smartphone usage. Moreover, two-handed texting had a more detrimental impact on NF, HF, and GA when contrasted with one-handed browsing. The interplay among hand operation, posture, and maintaining arm position displayed an uncertain correlation with VD. While women typically exhibited smaller NF, HF, and GA than men, it is important to explore whether their shorter VD might contribute to increased eyestrain.
- Subjects
HEAD physiology; NECK physiology; WALKING speed; STATISTICS; RANGE of motion of joints; ANALYSIS of variance; STANDING position; SMARTPHONES; SCREEN time; T-test (Statistics); POSTURE; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; DATA analysis software; DATA analysis
- Publication
Healthcare (2227-9032), 2023, Vol 11, Issue 23, p3027
- ISSN
2227-9032
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/healthcare11233027