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- Title
Spirulina maxima Extract Reduces Obesity through Suppression of Adipogenesis and Activation of Browning in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
- Authors
Seo, Young-Jin; Kim, Kui-Jin; Choi, Jia; Koh, Eun-Jeong; Lee, Boo-Yong
- Abstract
Obesity predisposes animals towards the metabolic syndrome and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. <italic>Spirulina maxima</italic> is a microalga with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective activities, but the anti-obesity effect of <italic>Spirulina maxima</italic> 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has not yet been fully established. We investigated the effect of SM70EE on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and browning using in vitro and in vivo obesity models. SM70EE treatment reduced lipid droplet accumulation by the oil red O staining method and downregulated the adipogenic proteins C/EBPα, PPARγ, and aP2, and the lipogenic proteins SREBP1, ACC, FAS, LPAATβ, Lipin1, and DGAT1 by western blot analysis. In addition, the index components of SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-phycocyanin, reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis protein levels in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice administered with SM70EE demonstrated smaller adipose depots and lower blood lipid concentrations than control HFD-fed mice. The lower body mass gain in treated SM70EE-administrated mice was associated with lower protein expression of adipogenesis factors and higher expression of AMPKα-induced adipose browning proteins PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1. SM70EE administration ameliorates obesity, likely by reducing adipogenesis and activating the thermogenic program, in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obese mice.
- Subjects
ACYLTRANSFERASES; ANIMAL experimentation; BACTERIA; BLOOD proteins; CELL lines; CHLOROPHYLL; ENZYMES; FAT cells; FAT content of food; GENE expression; HYDROLASES; LIPIDS; MICE; OBESITY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES; PROTEIN kinases; STAINS &; staining (Microscopy); WESTERN immunoblotting; PLANT extracts; NUCLEAR proteins; PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors; UNCOUPLING proteins; IN vitro studies; IN vivo studies
- Publication
Nutrients, 2018, Vol 10, Issue 6, p712
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu10060712