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- Title
Dietary Intake according to Gender and Education: A Twenty-Year Trend in a Swiss Adult Population.
- Authors
Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Rousi, Eirini; Paccaud, Fred; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Theler, Jean-Marc; Bochud, Murielle; Stringhini, Silvia; Guessous, Idris
- Abstract
We assessed trends in dietary intake according to gender and education using repeated cross-sectional, population-based surveys conducted between 1993 and 2012 in Geneva, Switzerland (17,263 participants, 52.0 ˘ 10.6 years, 48% male). In 1993-1999, higher educated men had higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), carotene and vitamin D intakes than lower educated men, and the differences decreased in 2006-2012. In 1993-1999, higher educated women had higher fiber, iron, carotene, vitamin D and alcohol intakes than lower educated women, and the differences decreased in 2006-2012. Total energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, retinol and alcohol intakes decreased, while mono/disaccharides, MUFA and carotene intake increased in both genders. Lower educated men had stronger decreases in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and calcium intakes than higher educated men: multivariate-adjusted slope and 95% confidence interval ´0.11 (´0.15; ´0.06) vs. ´0.03 (´0.08; 0.02) g/day/year for SFA and ´5.2 (´7.8; ´2.7) vs. ´1.03 (´3.8; 1.8) mg/day/year for calcium, p for interaction <0.05. Higher educated women had a greater decrease in iron intake than lower educated women: ´0.03 (´0.04; ´0.02) vs. ´0.01 (´0.02; 0.00) mg/day/year, p for interaction = 0.002. We conclude that, in Switzerland, dietary intake evolved similarly between 1993 and 2012 in both educational groups. Educational differences present in 1993 persisted in 2012.
- Subjects
SWITZERLAND; CARBOHYDRATES; CAROTENES; CONFIDENCE intervals; DIET; ENERGY metabolism; ETHANOL; MULTIVARIATE analysis; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH funding; SEX distribution; VITAMIN A; SATURATED fatty acids; EDUCATIONAL attainment; BODY mass index; CROSS-sectional method; DATA analysis software; STATISTICAL models
- Publication
Nutrients, 2015, Vol 7, Issue 11, p9558
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu7115481