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- Title
BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE RED-BELLIED GRACKLE (HYPOPYRRHUS PYROHYPOGASTER): A COOPERATIVE BREEDER OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES.
- Authors
Ocampo, David; Estrada-F., M. Camila; Muñoz, Jenny M.; Londoño, Laura V.; David, Santiago; Valencia, Giovanny; Morales, Paula A.; Garizábal, Jaime A.; Cuervo, Andrés M.
- Abstract
We document the breeding behavior of the Red-bellied Grackle (Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster: Icteridae) from monitoring seven breeding groups during 4 consecutive years (2006--2009) in the central cordillera of the Colombian Andes. All nests were attended by three to seven individuals, representing family groups composed of adult males and females, as well as immatures from previous generations. Clutch size ranged from two to four eggs and was positively correlated with family group size. The incubation period was 15--17 days and nestlings left the nest when 16--18 days of age. Nestling success was relatively low (0.39), and mortality was caused by predation and harsh environmental events; however, groups attempted to breed after nest failures. The Red-bellied Grackle has a cooperative breeding system and individuals delay dispersal by remaining in natal territories.
- Subjects
BIRD breeding; ANIMAL sexual behavior; GRACKLES; GRACULA; ANIMAL clutches
- Publication
Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2012, Vol 124, Issue 3, p538
- ISSN
1559-4491
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1676/11-117.1