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- Title
Association of Cytomegalovirus Serostatus With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Responsiveness in Nursing Home Residents and Healthcare Workers.
- Authors
Freeman, Michael L; Oyebanji, Oladayo A; Moisi, Daniela; Payne, Michael; Sheehan, Maegan L; Balazs, Alejandro B; Bosch, Jürgen; King, Christopher L; Gravenstein, Stefan; Lederman, Michael M; Canaday, David H
- Abstract
Background Latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is immunomodulatory and could affect mRNA vaccine responsiveness. We sought to determine the association of CMV serostatus and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with antibody (Ab) titers after primary and booster BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations in healthcare workers (HCWs) and nursing home (NH) residents. Methods Nursing home residents (N = 143) and HCWs (N = 107) were vaccinated and serological responses monitored by serum neutralization activity against Wuhan and Omicron (BA.1) strain spike proteins, and by bead-multiplex immunoglobulin G immunoassay to Wuhan spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Cytomegalovirus serology and levels of inflammatory biomarkers were also measured. Results Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naive CMV seropositive (CMV+) HCWs had significantly reduced Wuhan-neutralizing Ab (P =.013), anti-spike (P =.017), and anti-RBD (P =.011) responses 2 weeks after primary vaccination series compared with responses among CMV seronegative (CMV−) HCWs, adjusting for age, sex, and race. Among NH residents without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers were similar 2 weeks after primary series but were reduced 6 months later (P =.012) between CMV+ and CMV− subjects. Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers from CMV+ NH residents who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection consistently trended lower than titers from SARS-CoV-2 experienced CMV− donors. These impaired Ab responses in CMV+ versus CMV− individuals were not observed after booster vaccination or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions Latent CMV infection adversely affects vaccine-induced responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a neoantigen not previously encountered, in both HCWs and NH residents. Multiple antigenic challenges may be required for optimal mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in CMV+ adults.
- Publication
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 10, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
2328-8957
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofad063