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- Title
Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide Piscidin 1 and Neuropeptides in Fish Gill and Skin: A Potential Participation in Neuro-Immune Interaction.
- Authors
Zaccone, Giacomo; Capillo, Gioele; Fernandes, Jorge Manuel Oliveira; Kiron, Viswanath; Lauriano, Eugenia Rita; Alesci, Alessio; Lo Cascio, Patrizia; Guerrera, Maria Cristina; Kuciel, Michal; Zuwala, Krystyna; Icardo, Jose Manuel; Ishimatsu, Atsushi; Murata, Ryosuke; Amagai, Takafumi; Germanà, Antonino; Aragona, Marialuisa
- Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widespread in nature and possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Due to their multifunctional properties, these peptides are a focus of growing body of interest and have been characterized in several fish species. Due to their similarities in amino-acid composition and amphipathic design, it has been suggested that neuropeptides may be directly involved in the innate immune response against pathogen intruders. In this review, we report the molecular characterization of the fish-specific AMP piscidin1, the production of an antibody raised against this peptide and the immunohistochemical identification of this peptide and enkephalins in the neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in the gill of several teleost fish species living in different habitats. In spite of the abundant literature on Piscidin1, the biological role of this peptide in fish visceral organs remains poorly explored, as well as the role of the neuropeptides in neuroimmune interaction in fish. The NECs, by their role as sensors of hypoxia changes in the external environments, in combination with their endocrine nature and secretion of immunomodulatory substances would influence various types of immune cells that contain piscidin, such as mast cells and eosinophils, both showing interaction with the nervous system. The discovery of piscidins in the gill and skin, their diversity and their role in the regulation of immune response will lead to better selection of these immunomodulatory molecules as drug targets to retain antimicrobial barrier function and for aquaculture therapy in the future.
- Subjects
ANTIMICROBIAL peptides; NEUROPEPTIDES; FISH skin; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; PEPTIDES; IMMUNOREGULATION; ENDOCRINE system; MONOCLONAL antibodies
- Publication
Marine Drugs, 2022, Vol 20, Issue 2, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1660-3397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/md20020145