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- Title
Association between the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular disease in male smokers and non-smokers.
- Authors
Dauchet, L.; Montaye, M.; Ruidavets, J.-B.; Arveiler, D.; Kee, F.; Bingham, A.; Ferrières, J.; Haas, B.; Evans, A.; Ducimetière, P.; Amouyel, P.; Dallongeville, J.
- Abstract
Background/Objectives:Consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) is associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Smoking may affect the strength of this association. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship between the frequency of F&V intake and CVD risk in male current, former and never smokers.Subjects/Methods:A prospective study in men (n=8060) aged 50–59 years who were recruited in France and Northern Ireland. The frequency of F&V intake was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome criteria were incident cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and total CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke) over 10-year period.Results:A total of 367 ACS and 612 CVD events occurred during the follow-up period. A multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant interaction between smoking status and F&V intake for ACS and for CVD (both P's<0.05). In current smokers, the relative risks for ACS were 0.78 (0.54–1.13) and 0.49 (0.30–0.81) in the second and third tertiles of F&V intake, respectively (P for trend<0.001); for CVD, the values were 0.80 (0.59–1.08) and 0.64 (0.44–0.93) respectively (P for trend<0.001). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were observed for never and former smokers. Similar statistical interactions for ACS were observed for fruit intake (P=0.07) and vegetable intake (P<0.05) taken separately.Conclusions:These results suggest that high fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a lower risk of CVD in male smokers.
- Subjects
IRELAND; FRUIT; VEGETABLES; HEART diseases; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; MULTIVARIATE analysis; CORONARY disease
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010, Vol 64, Issue 6, p578
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/ejcn.2010.46