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- Title
Recent Advances in Experimental Models of Breast Cancer Exosome Secretion, Characterization and Function.
- Authors
Pelissier Vatter, Fanny A.; Lucotti, Serena; Zhang, Haiying
- Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is responsible for 15% of all the cancer deaths among women in the USA. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has the potential to act as a driver of breast cancer progression and metastasis. The TME is composed of stromal cells within an extracellular matrix and soluble cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles that actively influence cell behavior. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and large oncosomes that orchestrate fundamental processes during tumor progression through direct interaction with target cells. Long before tumor cell spread to future metastatic sites, tumor-secreted exosomes enter the circulation and establish distant pre-metastatic niches, hospitable and permissive milieus for metastatic colonization. Emerging evidence suggests that breast cancer exosomes promote tumor progression and metastasis by inducing vascular leakiness, angiogenesis, invasion, immunomodulation and chemoresistance. Exosomes are found in almost all physiological fluids including plasma, urine, saliva, and breast milk, providing a valuable resource for the development of non-invasive cancer biomarkers. Here, we review work on the role of exosomes in breast cancer progression and metastasis, and describe the most recent advances in models of exosome secretion, isolation, characterization and functional analysis. We highlight the potential applications of plasma-derived exosomes as predictive biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. We finally describe the therapeutic approaches of exosomes in breast cancer.
- Subjects
METASTATIC breast cancer; BREAST cancer; EXTRACELLULAR vesicles; SECRETION; EXTRACELLULAR matrix
- Publication
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology & Neoplasia, 2020, Vol 25, Issue 4, p305
- ISSN
1083-3021
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10911-020-09473-0