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- Title
Socio-economic differences in cardiometabolic risk markers are mediated by diet and body fatness in 8- to 11-year-old Danish children: a cross-sectional study.
- Authors
Hauger, Hanne; Groth, Margit V; Ritz, Christian; Biltoft-Jensen, Anja; Andersen, Rikke; Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde; Hjorth, Mads F; Sjödin, Anders; Astrup, Arne; Michaelsen, Kim F; Damsgaard, Camilla T
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To explore whether socio-economic differences exist in cardiometabolic risk markers in children and whether lifestyle-related factors potentially mediate these differences.<bold>Design: </bold>Cross-sectional study including measurements of fasting blood lipids, glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure and heart rate. Potential mediators examined were fat mass index (FMI); intakes of fruit, vegetables, dietary fibre and added sugar; whole-blood n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) as a biomarker of fish intake; and physical activity and sedentary time.<bold>Setting: </bold>Nine primary schools in Denmark.<bold>Subjects: </bold>Children aged 8-11 years (n 715).<bold>Results: </bold>Children of parents with the shortest compared with longest education had higher TAG by 0·12 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·21) mmol/l and HOMA-IR by 0·36 (0·10, 0·62), whereas children of parents with a vocational education had higher total cholesterol by 0·14 (0·02, 0·27) mmol/l and LDL cholesterol by 0·14 (0·03, 0·25) mmol/l compared with children of parents with the longest education; all P<0·05. FMI explained 25 % of the difference in TAG, 64 % of the difference in HOMA-IR and 21-29 % of the differences in cholesterols. FMI and whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA combined explained 42 % of the difference in TAG, whereas FMI, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA and dietary fibre explained 89 % of the difference in HOMA-IR.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Socio-economic differences were present in blood lipids and insulin resistance among 8- to 11-year-olds and were mediated by body fatness, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA and dietary fibre. These lifestyle factors may be targets in public initiatives to reduce socio-economic differences. Confirmation in longitudinal studies and trials is warranted.
- Subjects
DENMARK; ADIPOSE tissues; HUMAN body composition; DIET; INSULIN resistance; LIPIDS; PARENTS; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; EDUCATIONAL attainment; BODY mass index; CROSS-sectional method
- Publication
Public Health Nutrition, 2016, Vol 19, Issue 11, p2229
- ISSN
1368-9800
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1017/S1368980015003766