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- Title
Long-term smoking causes more advanced coronary endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged smokers compared to young smokers.
- Authors
Naya, Masanao; Morita, Koichi; Yoshinaga, Keiichiro; Manabe, Osamu; Goto, Daisuke; Hirata, Kenji; Katoh, Chietsugu; Tamaki, Nagara; Tsutsui, Hiroyuki
- Abstract
Purpose: Smoking cessation has been shown to normalize the coronary endothelial dysfunction in healthy young smokers. However, its effect has not been explored in middle-aged smokers with a longer history of smoking. Therefore, we compared the effects of smoking cessation on coronary vasomotor response between both young and middle-aged smokers and identified the predictor for its improvement. Methods: This study investigated 14 young healthy smokers (age 25.2 ± 2.3 years), 13 middle-aged smokers (age 42.0 ± 6.5 years) and 10 non-smokers. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by using O-water positron emission tomography (PET). Results: At baseline, the ratio of MBF during the cold pressor test (CPT) to that at rest (MBF), the index of coronary endothelial function, was significantly decreased in both young and middle-aged smokers compared to non-smokers (1.24 ± 0.20 and 1.10 ± 0.39 vs 1.53 ± 0.18, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ratio of MBF during adenosine triphosphate infusion to that at rest was significantly decreased in middle-aged smokers compared to young smokers and non-smokers (3.34 ± 1.52 vs 4.43 ± 0.92 and 4.69 ± 1.25, p < 0.05, respectively). MBF at 1 month after smoking cessation significantly increased in young smokers, but not in middle-aged smokers. By multivariate analysis, baseline serum malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) was an independent predictor for the changes in MBF after smoking cessation (β = -0.45, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coronary endothelial dysfunction was reversible by short-term smoking cessation in young smokers, but not in middle-aged smokers, which was associated with serum MDA-LDL levels. Long-term smoking exposure could lead to more advanced coronary endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis possibly via oxidative stress.
- Subjects
SMOKING cessation; HEALTH of middle-aged persons; VASOMOTOR system; BLOOD flow; POSITRON emission tomography; ADENOSINE triphosphate; MULTIVARIATE analysis; MALONDIALDEHYDE; PHYSIOLOGY; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, 2011, Vol 38, Issue 3, p491
- ISSN
1619-7070
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00259-010-1647-2