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- Title
Associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of type 2 diabetes in the NutriNet-Santé cohort.
- Authors
Palomar-Cros, Anna; Srour, Bernard; Andreeva, Valentina A; Fezeu, Léopold K; Bellicha, Alice; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Hercberg, Serge; Romaguera, Dora; Kogevinas, Manolis; Touvier, Mathilde
- Abstract
Background Food intake plays a pivotal role in regulating circadian rhythms, which modulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, studies investigating the association of meal timing and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of T2D. Methods In total, 103 312 adults [79% women, mean age at baseline = 42.7 (SD = 14.6)] from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–21) were included. Participants' meal timings and frequency were assessed using repeated 24-h dietary records and averaged from the first 2 years of follow-up (5.7 records/participant). Associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of T2D were assessed by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors. Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 963 new cases of T2D were ascertained. Compared with participants habitually having a first meal before 8AM, those eating after 9AM had a higher incidence of T2D (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30–1.94). Time of last meal was not associated with T2D incidence. Each additional eating episode was associated with a lower incidence of T2D (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99). Night-time fasting duration was not associated with T2D incidence, except in participants having breakfast before 8AM and fasting for >13 h overnight (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.27–0.82). Conclusions In this large prospective study, a later first meal was associated with a higher incidence of T2D. If confirmed in other large-scale studies, an early breakfast should be considered in preventing T2D.
- Subjects
HOMEOSTASIS; TYPE 2 diabetes; MEALS; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; FOOD diaries
- Publication
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, Vol 52, Issue 5, p1486
- ISSN
0300-5771
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ije/dyad081