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- Title
The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma.
- Authors
Kober-Hasslacher, Maike; Schmidt-Supprian, Marc
- Abstract
Aberrant constitutive activation of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors is a hallmark of numerous cancers. Of the five Rel family members, c-Rel has the strongest direct links to tumorigenesis. c-Rel is the only member that can malignantly transform lymphoid cells in vitro. Furthermore, c-Rel is implicated in human B cell lymphoma through the frequent occurrence of REL gene locus gains and amplifications. In normal physiology, high c-Rel expression predominates in the hematopoietic lineage and a diverse range of stimuli can trigger enhanced expression and activation of c-Rel. Both expression and activation of c-Rel are tightly regulated on multiple levels, indicating the necessity to keep its functions under control. In this review we meta-analyze and integrate studies reporting gene locus aberrations to provide an overview on the frequency of REL gains in human B cell lymphoma subtypes, namely follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. We also summarize current knowledge on c-Rel expression and protein localization in these human B cell lymphomas and discuss the co-amplification of BCL11A with REL. In addition, we highlight and illustrate key pathways of c-Rel activation and regulation with a specific focus on B cell biology.
- Subjects
CARCINOGENESIS; B cell lymphoma; GENE amplification; GENE expression; TRANSCRIPTION factors; DNA-binding proteins
- Publication
Cancers, 2019, Vol 11, Issue 7, p941
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers11070941