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- Title
Effect of Cooling Rate on Inclusions, Primary Carbides, and Microstructure in Rare-Earth H13 Steel.
- Authors
Wang, Jingfeng; Li, Junqi; Wang, Linzhu; Chen, Chaoyi; Wang, Xiang; Zhao, Fei
- Abstract
To enhance the performance of H13 steel, the effects of the cooling rate on the inclusions, primary carbides, and microstructure in rare-earth H13 steel were investigated. Various remelting experiments on rare-earth H13 steel were conducted. The evolution of inclusions was demonstrated to be Ce–O–S, Ce–O, and Ce–O–As → Ce–O–S → Ce–Al–O, and Al2O3, which could be attributed to the increase in Al elements, decomposition, and flotation of inclusions. The type of primary carbides remained unchanged, but their number increased considerably and their size decreased as the cooling rate increased. The secondary dendrite arm spacing was reduced with a faster cooling rate and was shown to be 7.35 ±2.04 μm; the size of austenite was also reduced. The relationship between secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rate was λ= 238.62 × Rc–0.438. The segregation ratio of the alloying elements was estimated based on the Clyne–Kurz model, which indicated that Mo had the highest segregation ratio, followed by V, C, and Cr. The cooling rate increased the segregation ratios of Mo, V, and Cr but had a minimal effect on that of C. The equilibrium phase diagram of rare-earth H13 steel was obtained based on Thermo-Calc software, which was consistent with the experimental results. The study provides theoretical insights for controlling the inclusions, primary carbides, and microstructure in steel.
- Subjects
DENDRITES; PHASE equilibrium; PHASE diagrams; STEEL; FLOTATION
- Publication
Metallurgical & Materials Transactions. Part B, 2024, Vol 55, Issue 5, p3639
- ISSN
1073-5615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11663-024-03207-x