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- Title
Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections.
- Authors
Ziogou, Afroditi; Ziogos, Eleftherios; Giannakodimos, Ilias; Giannakodimos, Alexios; Sifakis, Stavros; Ioannou, Petros; Tsiodras, Sotirios
- Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) represents a condition in which the normal protective Lactobacilli, especially those that produce H2O2, are replaced by high quantities of facultative anaerobes, leading to gynecologic and obstetric post-operative complications. BV is an important cause of obstetric and gynecological adverse sequelae and it could lead to an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, Chlamydia, Trichomonas, and human immunodeficiency virus. Herein, we reviewed bacterial vaginosis and its association with post-operative pelvic infections. In Obstetrics, BV has been associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, first-trimester miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amniotic fluid infections, postpartum and postabortal endomyometritis as well as postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In gynecology, BV increases the risk of post-hysterectomy infections such as vaginal cuff cellulitis, pelvic cellulitis, pelvic abscess, and PID. BV is often asymptomatic, can resolve spontaneously, and often relapses with or without treatment. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends testing for BV in women having an increased risk for preterm delivery. Women with symptoms should be evaluated and treated. Women with BV undergoing gynecological surgeries must be treated to reduce the frequency of post-operative pelvic infections. Metronidazole and clindamycin are the mainstays of therapy. Currently, there is no consensus on pre-surgery screening for BV; decisions are made on a case-by-case basis.
- Subjects
BACTERIAL vaginitis diagnosis; BACTERIAL vaginitis; OBSTETRICS surgery; PREMATURE infants; ENDOMETRIAL diseases; MYOMETRIUM; HYSTERECTOMY; CLINDAMYCIN; MISCARRIAGE; AMNIOTIC liquid; CELLULITIS; MEDICAL screening; GYNECOLOGIC surgery; METRONIDAZOLE; FETAL diseases; RISK assessment; SURGICAL site infections; PREGNANCY complications; FERTILIZATION in vitro; PELVIC inflammatory disease; PELVIS; DISEASE risk factors; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Healthcare (2227-9032), 2023, Vol 11, Issue 9, p1218
- ISSN
2227-9032
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/healthcare11091218