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- Title
Biomarkers of Radiotherapy-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death.
- Authors
Vaes, Rianne D. W.; Hendriks, Lizza E. L.; Vooijs, Marc; De Ruysscher, Dirk; Garg, Abhishek D.
- Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) can induce an immunogenic variant of regulated cell death that can initiate clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chemokine release, and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. In recent years, intensive research has unraveled major mechanistic aspects of RT-induced ICD and has resulted in the identification of immunogenic factors that are released by irradiated tumor cells. However, so far, only a limited number of studies have searched for potential biomarkers that can be used to predict if irradiated tumor cells undergo ICD that can elicit an effective immunogenic anti-tumor response. In this article, we summarize the available literature on potential biomarkers of RT-induced ICD that have been evaluated in cancer patients. Additionally, we discuss the clinical relevance of these findings and important aspects that should be considered in future studies.
- Subjects
CELL death; TYPE I interferons; BIOMARKERS; CHEMOKINE receptors
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2021, Vol 10, Issue 4, p930
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells10040930