We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
Prevence, diagnostika a léčba toxoplasmózy v graviditě.
- Authors
Kodym, Petr; Geleneky, Markéta
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses in the Czech Republic. Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy can affect fetal development and cause multiple damages that often do not manifest until after the birth. The severity of pediatric disability, its variability and the probability of occurrence depend on the time of maternal infection. Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women is performed in two steps: first, total anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are detected, most commonly by the complement fixation test (CFT) combined with IgG ELISA. In the case of a negative result, the woman can be retested 1-3 months later. Low CFT titers show latent infection with a minimal risk of primary infection during pregnancy. When CFT titers of 1:64 or higher are obtained, the second step follows. Positivity in the IgM and IgA tests and low IgG avidity can confirm a recent infection. The diagnosis of fetal infection is based on the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, and of IgM antibodies in particular, and/or on the detection of Toxoplasma in amniotic fluid by PCR or the mouse test. Other helpful methods are fetal ultrasound or MRI focusing on fetopathy. Each child born from a high-risk pregnancy is thoroughly examined and followed up on a long-term basis. The detection of neonatal anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies and a neonatal IgG profile differing from the maternal IgG profile in comparative Western blot are the major markers of congenital infection. Toxoplasma infection can be treated prenatally and postnatally and the therapeutic outcomes are still being considered. The first-line options for congenital toxoplasmosis are spiramycin, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine with folinic acid. The article discusses the indications for screening and recommends best practices for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. It also addresses in detail the interpretation of the diagnostic results and provides guidance for preventive screening of pregnant women in the Czech Republic.
- Subjects
CZECH Republic; TOXOPLASMOSIS diagnosis; TOXOPLASMOSIS treatment; FETAL development; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; POLYMERASE chain reaction; WESTERN immunoblotting; SULFADIAZINE; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
Actual Gynecology & Obstetrics / Aktuální Gynekologie a Porodnictví, 2012, Vol 4, p31
- ISSN
1803-9588
- Publication type
Article