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- Title
Gemigliptin Inhibits Interleukin-1β--Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Canonical-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway.
- Authors
Oak-Kee Hong; Seong-Su Lee; Soon Jib Yoo; Min-Kyung Lee; Mee-Kyoung Kim; Ki-Hyun Baek; Ki-Ho Song; Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Abstract
Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to inflammatory conditions inducing conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts, promoting fibrotic diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokine is the most potent inducer of EndMT. We investigated inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced EndMT by gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Methods: We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 10 ng/mL IL-1β/20 μM gemigliptin and analyzed the expression of endothelial, smooth muscle, mesenchymal, and osteoblastic markers, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Smad, and non-Smad signaling pathway proteins. Results: Morphological changes showed gemigliptin blocked IL-1β-induced EndMT, upregulated EC markers, and downregulated smooth muscle and mesenchymal markers. IL-1β activation of HUVECs is initiated by the BMP/Smad and non-smad BMP signaling pathways. Gemigliptin inhibited IL-1β induction of BMP2 and 7, activin receptor type IA, BMP receptor type IA, and BMP receptor type II. Reversal of IL-1β-mediated inhibition of BMP-induced Smad1/5/8, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation by gemigliptin suggests involvement of the Smad pathway in gemigliptin action. In the non-Smad BMP pathway, gemigliptin treatment significantly increased the deactivation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38, and JNK by IL-1β. Gemigliptin treatment suppressed BMP-2-induced expression of key osteoblastic markers including osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2, and hepcidin during IL-1β-induced EndMT. Conclusion: We demonstrated a novel protective mechanism of gemigliptin against fibrosis by suppressing IL-1β-induced EndMT.
- Subjects
RUNX proteins; HEPCIDIN; PROTEINS; SMOOTH muscle; ENDOTHELIAL cells; BONE morphogenetic proteins
- Publication
Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020, Vol 35, Issue 2, p384
- ISSN
2093-596X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.384