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- Title
Lactose Intolerance versus Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma.
- Authors
Darma, Andy; Sumitro, Khadijah Rizky; Jo, Juandy; Sitorus, Nova
- Abstract
Due to its very early introduction, cow's milk is one of the first foods that can cause adverse reactions in human beings. Lactose intolerance (LI) and cow's milk allergy (CMA) are the most common adverse reactions to cow's milk. While LI is due to insufficient small intestinal lactase activity and/or a large quantity of ingested lactose, CMA is an aberrant immune reaction to cow's milk proteins, particularly casein or β-lactoglobulin. However, the clinical manifestations of LI and CMA, particularly their gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, are very similar, which might lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis as well as nutritional risks due to inappropriate dietary interventions or unnecessary dietary restriction. Formula-fed infants with LI should be treated with formula with reduced or no lactose, while those with CMA should be treated with formula containing extensive hydrolyzed cow's milk protein or amino acids. This review is therefore written to assist clinicians to better understand the pathophysiologies of LI and CMA as well as to recognize the similarities and differences between clinical manifestations of LI and CMA.
- Subjects
MILK allergy; DELAYED diagnosis; INFANT formulas; LACTOSE intolerance; INFANT nutrition; SYMPTOMS; DIAGNOSTIC errors; AMINO acids; CHILDREN
- Publication
Nutrients, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 3, p414
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu16030414