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- Title
Guidelines for Preventing and Treating Vitamin D Deficiency: A 2023 Update in Poland.
- Authors
Płudowski, Paweł; Kos-Kudła, Beata; Walczak, Mieczysław; Fal, Andrzej; Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, Dorota; Sieroszewski, Piotr; Peregud-Pogorzelski, Jarosław; Lauterbach, Ryszard; Targowski, Tomasz; Lewiński, Andrzej; Spaczyński, Robert; Wielgoś, Mirosław; Pinkas, Jarosław; Jackowska, Teresa; Helwich, Ewa; Mazur, Artur; Ruchała, Marek; Zygmunt, Arkadiusz; Szalecki, Mieczysław; Bossowski, Artur
- Abstract
Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among the risk factors for many diseases and for all-cause mortality, concern about this problem led us to update the previous Polish recommendations. Methods: After reviewing the epidemiological evidence, case-control studies and randomized control trials (RCTs), a Polish multidisciplinary group formulated questions on the recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency both for the general population and for the risk groups of patients. The scientific evidence of pleiotropic effects of vitamin D as well as the results of panelists' voting were reviewed and discussed. Thirty-four authors representing different areas of expertise prepared position statements. The consensus group, representing eight Polish/international medical societies and eight national specialist consultants, prepared the final Polish recommendations. Results: Based on networking discussions, the ranges of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicating vitamin D deficiency [<20 ng/mL (<50 nmol/L)], suboptimal status [20–30 ng/mL (50–75 nmol/L)], and optimal concentration [30–50 ng/mL (75–125 nmol/L)] were confirmed. Practical guidelines for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) as the first choice for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were developed. Calcifediol dosing as the second choice for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency was introduced. Conclusions: Improving the vitamin D status of the general population and treatment of risk groups of patients must be again announced as healthcare policy to reduce a risk of spectrum of diseases. This paper offers consensus statements on prophylaxis and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency in Poland.
- Subjects
POLAND; CONSENSUS (Social sciences); HEALTH policy; CHOLECALCIFEROL; DIETARY supplements; BUSINESS networks; VITAMIN D; MEDICAL protocols; VITAMIN D deficiency; MEDICAL societies
- Publication
Nutrients, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 3, p695
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu15030695