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- Title
A conserved regulatory mechanism mediates the convergent evolution of plant shoot lateral organs.
- Authors
Naramoto, Satoshi; Jones, Victor Arnold Shivas; Trozzi, Nicola; Sato, Mayuko; Toyooka, Kiminori; Shimamura, Masaki; Ishida, Sakiko; Nishitani, Kazuhiko; Ishizaki, Kimitsune; Nishihama, Ryuichi; Kohchi, Takayuki; Dolan, Liam; Kyozuka, Junko
- Abstract
Land plant shoot structures evolved a diversity of lateral organs as morphological adaptations to the terrestrial environment, with lateral organs arising independently in different lineages. Vascular plants and bryophytes (basally diverging land plants) develop lateral organs from meristems of sporophytes and gametophytes, respectively. Understanding the mechanisms of lateral organ development among divergent plant lineages is crucial for understanding the evolutionary process of morphological diversification of land plants. However, our current knowledge of lateral organ differentiation mechanisms comes almost entirely from studies of seed plants, and thus, it remains unclear how these lateral structures evolved and whether common regulatory mechanisms control the development of analogous lateral organs. Here, we performed a mutant screen in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a bryophyte, which produces gametophyte axes with nonphotosynthetic scalelike lateral organs. We found that an Arabidopsis LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 1 and Oryza G1 (ALOG) family protein, named M. polymorpha LATERAL ORGAN SUPRESSOR 1 (MpLOS1), regulates meristem maintenance and lateral organ development in Marchantia. A mutation in MpLOS1, preferentially expressed in lateral organs, induces lateral organs with misspecified identity and increased cell number and, furthermore, causes defects in apical meristem maintenance. Remarkably, MpLOS1 expression rescued the elongated spikelet phenotype of a MpLOS1 homolog in rice. This suggests that ALOG genes regulate the development of lateral organs in both gametophyte and sporophyte shoots by repressing cell divisions. We propose that the recruitment of ALOG-mediated growth repression was in part responsible for the convergent evolution of independently evolved lateral organs among highly divergent plant lineages, contributing to the morphological diversification of land plants. Ancestral land plants lacked leaves; instead, these evolved independently in each lineage and were key innovations that allowed the radiation of plants on land during the lower Palaeozoic. This study of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals that each time they evolved they used the same molecular mechanism to control leaf development.
- Subjects
PLANT evolution; CONVERGENT evolution; PLANT shoots; VASCULAR plants; LEAF development; CELL division
- Publication
PLoS Biology, 2019, Vol 17, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
1544-9173
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000560