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- Title
Tuberculosis and HIV Co-infection, California, USA, 1993-2008.
- Authors
Metcalfe, John Z.; Porco, Travis C.; Westenhouse, Janice; Damesyn, Mark; Facer, Matt; Hill, Julia; Qiang Xia; Watt, James P.; Hopewell, Philip C.; Flood, Jennifer
- Abstract
To understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection in California, we cross-matched incident TB cases reported to state surveillance systems during 1993-2008 with cases in the state HIV/AIDS registry. Of 57,527 TB case-patients, 3,904 (7%) had known HIV infection. TB rates for persons with HIV declined from 437 to 126 cases/100,000 persons during 1993-2008; rates were highest for Hispanics (225/100,000) and Blacks (148/100,000). Patients co-infected with TB-HIV during 2001-2008 were significantly more likely than those infected before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available to be foreign born, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander and to have pyrazinamidemono-resistant TB. Death rates decreased after highly active antiretroviral therapy became available but remained twice that for TB patients without HIV infection and higher for women. In California, HIV-associated TB has concentrated among persons from low- and middle-income countries who often acquire HIV infection in the peri-immigration period.
- Subjects
CALIFORNIA; TUBERCULOSIS research; HIV infections; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNICABLE diseases; PUBLIC health
- Publication
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2013, Vol 19, Issue 3, p400
- ISSN
1080-6040
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3201/eid1903.121521