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- Title
Sources of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in the Netherlands.
- Authors
Rutjes, Saskia A.; Lodder, Willemijn J.; Lodder-Verschoor, Froukje; Van den Berg, Harold H. J. L.; Vennema, Harry; Duizer, Erwin; Koopmans, Marion; Husman, Ana Maria de Roda
- Abstract
Non-travel-related hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 infections in persons in the Netherlands may have a zoonotic, foodborne, or water-borne origin. Possible reservoirs for HEV transmission by water, food, and animals were studied. HEV genotype 3/open reading frame 2 sequences were detected in 53% of pig farms, 4% of wild boar feces, and 17% of surface water samples. HEV sequences grouped within 4 genotype 3 clusters, of which 1 is so far unique to the Netherlands. The 2 largest clusters contained 35% and 43% of the animal and environmental sequences and 75% and 6%, respectively, of human HEV sequences obtained from a study on Dutch hepatitis E patients. This finding suggests that infection risk may be also dependent on transmission routes other than the ones currently studied. Besides the route of exposure, virus characteristics may be an important determinant for HEV disease in humans. Non-travel-related hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 infections in persons in the Netherlands may have a zoonotic, foodborne, or water-borne origin. Possible reservoirs for HEV transmission by water, food, and animals were studied. HEV genotype 3/open reading frame 2 sequences were detected in 53% of pig farms, 4% of wild boar feces, and 17% of surface water samples. HEV sequences grouped within 4 genotype 3 clusters, of which 1 is so far unique to the Netherlands. The 2 largest clusters contained 35% and 43% of the animal and environmental sequences and 75% and 6%, respectively, of human HEV sequences obtained from a study on Dutch hepatitis E patients. This fi nding suggests that infection risk may be also dependent on transmission routes other than the ones currently studied. Besides the route of exposure, virus characteristics may be an important determinant for HEV disease in humans.
- Subjects
NETHERLANDS; HEPATITIS E; ZOONOSES; INFECTIOUS disease transmission; VIRAL hepatitis; WILD boar
- Publication
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2009, Vol 15, Issue 3, p381
- ISSN
1080-6040
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3201/eid1503.071472