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- Title
Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses.
- Authors
Sievers, Benjamin L.; Chakraborty, Saborni; Xue, Yong; Gelbart, Terri; Gonzalez, Joseph C.; Cassidy, Arianna G.; Golan, Yarden; Prahl, Mary; Gaw, Stephanie L.; Arunachalam, Prabhu S.; Blish, Catherine A.; Boyd, Scott D.; Davis, Mark M.; Jagannathan, Prasanna; Nadeau, Kari C.; Pulendran, Bali; Singh, Upinder; Scheuermann, Richard H.; Frieman, Matthew B.; Vashee, Sanjay
- Abstract
Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that have mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape have arisen over the course of the current pandemic. Although the current vaccines have largely been effective against past variants, the number of mutations found on the Omicron (B.1.1.529) spike protein appear to diminish the protection conferred by preexisting immunity. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoparticles expressing the spike protein of several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we evaluated the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response over time in individuals after infection and in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. We observed that boosting increases the magnitude of the antibody response to wild-type (D614), Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants; however, the Omicron variant was the most resistant to neutralization. We further observed that vaccinated healthy adults had robust and broad antibody responses, whereas responses may have been reduced in vaccinated pregnant women, underscoring the importance of learning how to maximize mRNA vaccine responses in pregnant populations. Findings from this study show substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and breadth of responses after infection and mRNA vaccination and may support the addition of more conserved viral antigens to existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Antibodies versus variants: Understanding how antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination respond to variants of concern is essential, particularly as the Omicron variant becomes dominant globally. Here, Sievers et al. tested the capacity of serum or plasma from individuals infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 to neutralize pseudoviruses expressing spike proteins from wild-type (D614) SARS-CoV-2 or from the Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern. To do so, they studied three cohorts: individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, pregnant individuals who received two doses of mRNA vaccine, and health care workers who received two doses of mRNA vaccine plus a booster dose. The authors consistently found poorer neutralization of Beta and Omicron spike protein–expressing pseudoviruses, though boosting improved neutralization activity. These findings support the administration of booster vaccines and add to our understanding the degree to which the Omicron variant evades immune responses.
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; MEDICAL personnel; VIRAL antigens; BOOSTER vaccines
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 634, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7842