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- Title
Statistical Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variations of Air‐Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes in the Kuroshio Region.
- Authors
Tokoro, T.; Nakaoka, S.; Takao, S.; Saito, S.; Sasano, D.; Enyo, K.; Ishii, M.; Kosugi, N.; Nojiri, Y.
- Abstract
Spatiotemporal variations in air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the Kuroshio region were evaluated using measurements made by voluntary cargo ships and research vessels. The data were re‐gridded to produce a 1° × 1° horizontal grid and 0.1‐year timesteps. Spatial clustering showed that the area north of approximately 30°N was the strongest atmospheric CO2 sink. The spatial differences were largest in winter and insignificant in summer. The oceanic CO2 uptake in the Kuroshio region increased from 2000 to 2019. Changes in the wind speed and total alkalinity affected the decadal increase in CO2 absorption. The spatial distributions of the air‐sea CO2 fluxes were affected by the Kuroshio large meander (KLM). This effect was likely caused by the change in seawater fCO2 via the change in the Kuroshio Extension Path during the KLM period. The Fourier regression technique used in the data analysis was expected to facilitate analyses of the carbonate system in coastal waters, where comprehensive on‐site measurements and satellite analyses are difficult. Plain Language Summary: We analyzed oceanic CO2 uptake in the Kuroshio region using measurements from cargo ships and research vessels. The regression technique used in this study improved the spatiotemporal resolution of the data and is expected to be widely applicable for the analysis of other seawater carbonate systems, especially in coastal areas where comprehensive measurements and satellite analysis are difficult. CO2 absorption was particularly high in the area north of approximately 30°N. The differences between CO2 absorption in that area and other areas were largest in winter and small in summer. The CO2 absorption increased between 2000 and 2019. Changes in wind speed and alkalinity affected the increase in CO2 absorption. The areal differences in CO2 absorption were affected by the Kuroshio large meander. This effect was probably the result of the change of the Kuroshio path during the Kuroshio large meander. Key Points: Spatiotemporal variations in carbonate parameters and air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the Kuroshio region were analyzed by Fourier regressionOceanic CO2 uptake increased between 2000 and 2019. Changes in wind speed and total alkalinity affected the increase rate in CO2 uptakeThe Kuroshio large meander affects the spatial distribution of air‐sea CO2 fluxes by change in the Kuroshio Extension path
- Subjects
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Company); KUROSHIO; CARGO ships; RESEARCH vessels; TERRITORIAL waters; WIND speed
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 2023, Vol 128, Issue 11, p1
- ISSN
2169-9275
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023JC019762