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- Title
Olfaction and narcolepsy: characteristics and symptoms.
- Authors
de Martin Truzzi, Giselle; Santos Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho; Fernanda Naufel, Maria
- Abstract
Introduction: Several diseases are known to be associated with olfactory alterations. Among them, narcolepsy, a disease characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep fragmentation, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations is mentioned in some studies as a disease that courses with hyposmia. Objectives: To evaluate the olfaction of patients with narcolepsy and some characteristics of these patients, such as socioeconomic conditions and symptoms. Methodology: Patients with type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy were evaluated and classified according to the levels of hypocretin in the cerebrospinal fluid. The olfactory assessment was performed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Socioeconomic data, use of medications and symptoms presented, such as perception of hyposmia, hypogeusia and excessive sleepiness were also assessed. Results: 71 patients with narcolepsy were evaluated. The mean number of correct answers for patients with type 1 narcolepsy in the UPSIT was 31.533 (SD: 5.7469) and with type 2 narcolepsy it was 31.346 (SD: 6.9394). In both groups, olfactory dysfunction was observed. There was no relationship between the olfactory results and the levels of hypocretin obtained. Among the characteristics and symptoms observed, a positive correlation was observed between years of study and UPSIT scores (p=0.031). Conclusion: This study evaluated patients with narcolepsy and several characteristics that could be related to the olfactory alterations found in them. These data are important for a better understanding of these alterations, as well as ways to conduct better treatments for individuals with narcolepsy.
- Subjects
CATAPLEXY; UNIVERSITY of Pennsylvania; NARCOLEPSY; SMELL; OLFACTOMETRY; SMELL disorders; CEREBROSPINAL fluid
- Publication
International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 2022, Vol 26, p9
- ISSN
1809-9777
- Publication type
Abstract