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- Title
Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents From 2001 to 2009.
- Authors
Dabelea, Dana; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.; Saydah, Sharon; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Linder, Barbara; Divers, Jasmin; Bell, Ronny; Badaru, Angela; Talton, Jennifer W.; Crume, Tessa; Liese, Angela D.; Merchant, Anwar T.; Lawrence, Jean M.; Reynolds, Kristi; Dolan, Lawrence; Liu, Lenna L.; Hamman, Richard F.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite concern about an "epidemic, " there are limited data on trends in prevalence of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes across US race and ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in US youth, by sex, age, and race/ethnicity between 2001 and 2009. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case patients were ascertained in 4 geographic areas and 1managed health care plan. The study population was determined by the 2001 and 2009 bridged-race intercensal population estimates for geographic sites and membership counts for the health plan. MAIN OUTCOMES ANDMEASURES Prevalence (per 1000) of physician-diagnosed type 1 diabetes in youth aged 0 through 19 years and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10 through 19 years. RESULTS In 2001, 4958 of 3.3million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.48 per 1000 (95%CI, 1.44-1.52). In 2009, 6666 of 3.4million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.93 per 1000 (95%CI, 1.88-1.97). In 2009, the highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 2.55 per 1000 among white youth (95%CI, 2.48-2.62) and the lowest was 0.35 per 1000 in American Indian youth (95%CI, 0.26-0.47) and type 1 diabetes increased between 2001 and 2009 in all sex, age, and race/ethnic subgroups except for those with the lowest prevalence (age 0-4 years and American Indians). Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 21.1%(95%CI, 15.6%-27.0%) increase in type 1 diabetes over 8 years. In 2001, 588 of 1.7million youth were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.34 per 1000 (95%CI, 0.31-0.37). In 2009, 819 of 1.8 million were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.46 per 1000 (95%CI, 0.43-0.49). In 2009, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.20 per 1000 among American Indian youth (95%CI, 0.96-1.51); 1.06 per 1000 among black youth (95%CI, 0.93-1.22); 0.79 per 1000 among Hispanic youth (95%CI, 0.70-0.88); and 0.17 per 1000 among white youth (95%CI, 0.15-0.20). Significant increases occurred between 2001 and 2009 in both sexes, all age-groups, and in white, Hispanic, and black youth, with no significant changes for Asian Pacific Islanders and American Indians. Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 30.5%(95%CI, 17.3%-45.1%) overall increase in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Between 2001 and 2009 in 5 areas of the United States, the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.
- Subjects
EPIDEMIC research; TYPE 1 diabetes; TYPE 2 diabetes; DIABETES; DIABETES in adolescence
- Publication
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014, Vol 311, Issue 17, p1778
- ISSN
0098-7484
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jama.2014.3201