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- Title
The Orientation of Nanoscale Apatite Platelets in Relation to Osteoblastic-Osteocyte Lacunae on Trabecular Bone Surface.
- Authors
Shah, Furqan; Zanghellini, Ezio; Matic, Aleksandar; Thomsen, Peter; Palmquist, Anders; Shah, Furqan A
- Abstract
The orientation of nanoscale mineral platelets was quantitatively evaluated in relation to the shape of lacunae associated with partially embedded osteocytes (osteoblastic-osteocytes) on the surface of deproteinised trabecular bone of adult sheep. By scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, the mean orientation of mineral platelets at the osteoblastic-osteocyte lacuna (Ot.Lc) floor was found to be 19° ± 14° in the tibia and 20° ± 14° in the femur. Further, the mineral platelets showed a high degree of directional coherency: 37 ± 7% in the tibia and 38 ± 9% in the femur. The majority of Ot.Lc in the tibia (69.37%) and the femur (74.77%) exhibited a mean orientation of mineral platelets between 0° and 25°, with the largest fraction within a 15°-20° range, 17.12 and 19.8% in the tibia and femur, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterise the features observed on the anorganic bone surface. The Ca/P (atomic %) ratio was 1.69 ± 0.1 within the Ot.Lc and 1.68 ± 0.1 externally. Raman spectra of NaOCl-treated bone showed peaks associated with carbonated apatite: ν1, ν2 and ν4 PO4(3-), and ν1 CO3(2-), while the collagen amide bands were greatly reduced in intensity compared to untreated bone. The apatite-to-collagen ratio increased considerably after deproteinisation; however, the mineral crystallinity and the carbonate-to-phosphate ratios were unaffected. The ~19°-20° orientation of mineral platelets in at the Ot.Lc floor may be attributable to a gradual rotation of osteoblasts in successive layers relative to the underlying surface, giving rise to the twisted plywood-like pattern of lamellar bone.
- Subjects
CANCELLOUS bone; APATITE; BONE cells; OSTEOCYTES; OSTEOBLASTS; CONNECTIVE tissue cells; BONE physiology; OSTEOBLAST metabolism; ANIMAL experimentation; BONES; BONE growth; DIGITAL image processing; MINERALS; RAMAN spectroscopy; SCANNING electron microscopy; SHEEP; X-ray spectroscopy
- Publication
Calcified Tissue International, 2016, Vol 98, Issue 2, p193
- ISSN
0171-967X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1007/s00223-015-0072-8