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- Title
Extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial review.
- Authors
Seong Sook Hong; Tae Kyoung Kim; Kyu-Bo Sung; Pyo Nyun Kim; Hyun Kwon Ha; Ah Young Kim; Moon-Gyu Lee
- Abstract
Although extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncommon, it can be found anywhere in the body. Most extrahepatic metastases of HCC occur in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic tumor, but incidental extrahepatic lesions have also occasionally been found in patients with early-stage intrahepatic HCC. The detection of extrahepatic metastatic disease is crucial when planning therapy for patients with HCC and should be used to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. In this study we illustrate the radiologic findings of extrahepatic metastases of HCC involving various sites. The presumed mechanism of extrahepatic extension of HCC is also discussed.
- Subjects
LIVER cancer; LIVER metastasis; LIVER diseases; CANCER invasiveness; TUMORS; PANCREATIC diseases; HEPATIC manifestations of general diseases
- Publication
European Radiology, 2003, Vol 13, Issue 4, p874
- ISSN
0938-7994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00330-002-1519-7