We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
Evaluation of Extrusion Temperatures, Pelleting Parameters, and Vitamin Forms on Vitamin Stability in Feed.
- Authors
Yang, Pan; Wang, Huakai; Zhu, Min; Ma, Yongxi
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Since African Swine Fever is a pandemic in China, the Chinese feed mills implemented specific thermal processing to inactivate the virus. Farmers and animal nutritionists gradually focus on the destructive effects of feed processing on substances, e.g., vitamins, because vitamins are labile nutrients that are sensitive to the chemical and physical factors during thermal processing. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of vitamin forms, extrusion temperature, and pelleting parameters on vitamin stability, and to determine which vitamins are destroyed by thermal processing. The deleterious impact of feed processing is of practical relevance to vitamin stability. The majority of B complex vitamins have great stability in feed processing, but the stability of fat-soluble vitamins was negatively affected by feed processing. In addition, microencapsulated vitamins had greater stability compared to non-microencapsulated vitamins. Based on the current results, decreasing the strength of feed processing and choice of suitable forms of the vitamin could be recommended in feed production. Two experiments were conducted to determine the stability of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated forms of vitamins in diets during extrusion and pelleting. We investigated the recovery of vitamins in swine diets after extrusion at 100 °C, 140 °C, or 180 °C. Next, two diets were conditioned at 65 °C (low temperature; LT) or 85 °C (high temperature; HT), and pellets were formed using a 2.5 × 15.0 mm (low length-to-diameter ratio; LR) or 2.5 × 20.0 mm (high length-to-diameter ratio; HR) die. The extrusion temperature had a significant effect on the recovery of vitamins E, B1, B2, B3, and B5 in the diets. The diet extruded at 100 °C had higher B1, B2, B3, and B5 vitamin recoveries than diets extruded at 140 °C and 180 °C. Microencapsulated vitamins A and K3 had greater stability than non-microencapsulated vitamins A and K3 at 100 °C and 140 °C extrusion. In the diet extruded at 180 °C, microencapsulated vitamins A, D3, and K3 had higher recoveries than non-microencapsulated vitamins A, D3, and K3. The recovery of vitamin K3 in diets after LTLR (low temperature + low length-to-diameter ratio) or HTLR (high temperature + low length-to-diameter ratio) pelleting was greater (p < 0.05) than after LTHR (low temperature + high length-to-diameter ratio) and HTHR (high temperature + high length-to-diameter ratio) pelleting. Our results clearly show that low extrusion temperature and low pellet temperature, and a low length-to-diameter ratio (L:D ratio) for pellet mill die are recommended for pig feed. Moreover, microencapsulated vitamins had greater stability compared to non-microencapsulated vitamins.
- Subjects
CHINA; AFRICAN swine fever; FAT-soluble vitamins; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN B complex; VITAMINS; VITAMIN E
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2020, Vol 10, Issue 5, p894
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani10050894