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- Title
Study on the induction of somatic embryogenesis and morphological structural changes during the development of Handeliodendron bodinieri L.
- Authors
Yu, Yaqing; Yang, Baolian; Ma, Daocheng; Guo, Song; Liao, Feifei; Li, Zailiu
- Abstract
Handeliodendron bodinieri L. is a unique and endangered species that inhabits south China. It has a high oil and timber yield and ornamental value. However, the scarcity of its resources has increased in recent years due to poor competitiveness, poor habitat, excessive logging and resource destruction. Thus, it is important to protect and utilize their germplasm resources. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction is a rapid propagation technique that can be used to propagate saplings quickly, prepare artificial seeds, and prevent the extinction of H. bodinieri. To establish a technical system of the SEs of H. bodinieri and determine their morphological and anatomical changes, young (mature) embryos of H. bodinieri were used as explants to induce SE under different combinations of plant growth regulators [6-Benzylaminopurine (BA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA), and abscisic acid (ABA)], different concentrations of activated carbon (AC) (500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L), and sucrose (2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) additions to Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium in this study. The development of SEs was recorded and the morphological comparisons between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were performed. The results showed that the SEs of H. bodinieri developed from embryogenic callus (an indirect induction pathway). The SEs in the MS + 1.36 µM 2,4-D, MS + 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 4.44 µM BA + 1,000 mg/L AC medium had the best effects on the induction of young and mature embryos, respectively. Additionally, the types and concentrations of exogenous hormones significantly affected the proliferation of SEs. The best effect on the proliferation of somatic embryos was achieved with the MS + 2.22 µM BA + 2.46 µM IBA + 500 mg/L AC medium (multiplicity value-added reached 4.37). Different external hormones and sucrose concentrations significantly affected the maturation and germination of SEs. The best results of maturation and germination were obtained with the MS + 2.22 µM BA + 4.92 µM IBA + 500 mg/L AC medium (with a count of 3.92). The cell size, structure, arrangement, and division status between the embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus of H. bodinieri were considerably different in various developmental stages. The process of SEs originated from single or multiple cells on the surface or in the inner layers of the embryogenic callus and passed through four distinct stages, including globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo embryo, and cotyledonary embryo. During the cotyledonary embryo stage, V-shaped vascular bundles were observed, which is a key indicator of somatic embryo formation. This study may act as a framework for establishing an SE technology system for H. bodinieri and provide technical support for the large-scale propagation of this species.Key message: In this study, we determined the effects of different exogenous substances on the proliferation, maturation, and germination of the somatic embryos of H. bodinieri, identified the markers, and investigated the development of H. bodinieri somatic embryos.
- Publication
Plant Cell, Tissue & Organ Culture, 2024, Vol 156, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
0167-6857
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11240-023-02668-3