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- Title
Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) Activity and Inflammatory Responses during Chikungunya Virus Infection.
- Authors
Alves de Souza, Thiara Manuele; Fernandes-Santos, Caroline; Araújo da Paixão de Oliveira, Jéssica; Tomé, Larissa Cristina Teixeira; Fiestas-Solórzano, Victor Edgar; Nunes, Priscila Conrado Guerra; Guimaraes, Gabriel Macedo Costa; Sánchez-Arcila, Juan Camilo; Paiva, Iury Amâncio; de Souza, Luís Jose; Damasco, Paulo Vieira; da Silva Frutuoso, Válber; Heringer, Manoela; de Oliveira-Pinto, Luzia Maria; Pinheiro, Roberta Olmo; dos Santos, Flavia Barreto; Leal de Azeredo, Elzinandes
- Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes intense cytokine/chemokine inflammatory responses and debilitating joint pain. Indoleamine2,3–dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) is an enzyme that initiates the tryptophan degradation that is important in initial host innate immune defense against infectious pathogens. Besides that, IDO-1 activation acts as a regulatory mechanism to prevent overactive host immune responses. In this study, we evaluated IDO-1 activity and cytokine/chemokine patterns in CHIKV patients. Higher IDO-1 (Kyn/Trp ratio) activation was observed during the early acute phase of CHIKV infection and declined in the chronic phase. Importantly, increased concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interferon γ (IFN-γ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10/Interferon Protein-10 (CXCL10/IP-10) were found in the acute phase of infection, while C-C motif chemokine ligand 4/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 β (CCL4/MIP-1β) was found at increased concentrations in the chronic phase. Likewise, CHIKV patients with arthritis had significantly higher concentrations of CCL4/MIP-1β compared to patients without arthritis. Taken together, these data demonstrated increased IDO-1 activity, possibly exerting both antiviral effects and regulating exacerbated inflammatory responses. CCL4/MIP-1β may have an important role in the persistent inflammation and arthritic symptoms following chikungunya infection.
- Subjects
INDOLEAMINE 2,3-dioxygenase; CHIKUNGUNYA virus; VIRUS diseases; DIOXYGENASES; INFLAMMATION; CHIKUNGUNYA
- Publication
Pathogens, 2022, Vol 11, Issue 4, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2076-0817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pathogens11040444